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WATER IN OIL EMULSION STABILITY DOWNLOAD
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You may not remove or obscure the copyright notice or other notices contained in the ASTMĪSTM grants you a limited, non-transferable license as follows: This is not a sale all right, title and interest in the ASTM Document (in both electronic file You (Licensee) have no ownership or other rights in the ASTM Document. This document is copyrighted by the ASTM International (ASTM), 100īarr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 USA.Īll rights reserved. Please click here to view License Agreement for Educational Institutions. If you do not agree to the terms of this License Agreement, promptly exit this page This License Agreement, that you understand it and that you agree to be bound by its IMPORTANT-READ THESE TERMS CAREFULLY BEFORE DOWNLOADING THIS DOCUMENT.īy downloading the ASTM Document you are entering into a contract, and acknowledge that The effects of mixing time, agent amount, settling time and mixing energy on effectiveness results are presented. These tests are described and data using them provided. Two testing methods have been developed to a usable stage. Viscosity provides a more reliable measure of emulsion stability but water content measurements are more convenient and are largely used in this study. Measurements of water content and viscosity measurements show correlation to emulsion stability. Broken emulsions will form a foam-like material, called “rag”, which retains water which is not part of the stable emulsions.Īnalytical methods used to determine the final stability of the broken or unbroken emulsion were evaluated. Emulsions which have low stability will apparently break easily with chemical emulsion breakers. These factors complicate the development of a test. Emulsions are variable in stability ‐ this variability is largely dependent on oil type and degree of weathering.
The physics and chemistry of water-in-oil emulsions dominate the development of effectiveness tests.
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